ratification

ratification
In a broad sense, the confirmation of a previous act done either by the party himself or by another; as, confirmation of a voidable act. The affirmance by a person of a prior act which did not bind him, but which was done or professedly done on his account, whereby the act, as to some or all persons, is given effect as if originally authorized by him. Askew v. Joachim Memorial Home, N.D., 234 N.W.2d 226, 237.
The adoption by one, as binding upon himself, of an act done in such relations that he may claim it as done for his benefit, although done under such circumstances as would not bind him except for his subsequent assent. It is equivalent to a previous authorization and relates back to time when act ratified was done, except where intervening rights of third persons are concerned. In contract law, the act of adopting or confirming a previous act which without ratification would not be an enforceable contractual obligation, or confirming an obligation by one without the authority to make or do (or who was incompetent at the time the contract was made). The act of ratification causes the obligation to be binding as if such was valid and enforceable in the first instance.
Approval, as by legislatures or conventions, of a constitutional amendment proposed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress.
Approval by the electorate of a proposed State constitutional amendment.
In the law of principal and agent, the adoption and confirmation by one person with knowledge of all material facts, of an act or contract performed or entered into in his behalf by another who at the time assumed without authority to act as his agent.
Essence of "ratification" by principal of act of agent is manifestation of mental determination by principal to affirm the act, and this may be manifested by written word or by spoken word or by conduct, or may be inferred from known circumstances and principal's acts in relation thereto.
Express ratifications are those made in express and direct terms of assent. Implied ratifications are such as the law presumes from the acts of the principal.
Estoppel and ratification distinguished, see estoppel.

Black's law dictionary. . 1990.

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  • ratification — [ ratifikasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • rattification 1358; XVe « confirmation des catéchumènes »; lat. médiév. ratificatio « confirmation » 1 ♦ Action de ratifier. Ratification verbale, écrite, sous seing privé. ⇒ confirmation, homologation. Confirmation par… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Ratification — is the act of giving official sanction or approval to a formal document such as a treaty or constitution. It includes the process of adopting an international treaty by the legislature, a constitution, or another nationally binding document (such …   Wikipedia

  • ratification — I noun acceptance, acknowledgment, approbation, approval, assent, certification, confirmation, consent, corroboration, endorsement, sanctio, sanction, stamp of approval, substantiation, validation associated concepts: implied ratification,… …   Law dictionary

  • ratification — Ratification. s. f. v. Approbation, confirmation par acte public de ce qui a esté fait ou promis. Ratification d un traité. la ratification d un contract. Il se prend plus ordinairement pour l acte public par lequel on ratifie. Le traité a esté… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • Ratification — Rat i*fi*ca tion (r[a^]t [i^]*f[i^]*k[=a] sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F. ratification.] The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • ratification — UK US /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [U] ► LAW, POLITICS the act of voting on a decision or signing a written agreement to make it official: »The European Parliament s most vital responsibility is ratification of the EU budget. » The union has scheduled a …   Financial and business terms

  • ratification — mid 15c., from O.Fr. ratification (14c.) or directly from M.L. ratificationem (nom. ratificatio, 13c.), noun of action from pp. stem of L. ratificare (see RATIFY (Cf. ratify)) …   Etymology dictionary

  • Ratification — (v. lat.), die Bestätigung eines Friedens od. sonstigen Vertrages durch die höheren od. höchsten Behörden eines Staates. Solche beiderseits Ratificirte Instrumente werden dann gegenseitig ausgewechselt …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Ratification — oder Ratihabition, lat. deutsch, nachträgliche Genehmigung eines abgeschlossenen Rechtsgeschäftes …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • RATIFICATION — s. f. Approbation, confirmation, dans la forme requise, de ce qui a été fait ou promis. Ratification sous seing privé. Ratification par acte public. Ratification par écrit. Ratification verbale. Le mineur signa au contrat, et promit de donner sa… …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)

  • RATIFICATION — n. f. Approbation confirmation, dans la forme requise, de ce qui a été fait ou promis. Ratification sous seing privé. Ratification par acte public. Ratification par écrit. Ratification verbale. Le mineur signa au contrat et promit de donner sa… …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)

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